Today's
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Today, July 14, 2026
July 14: National Mac & Cheese Day:
-- An annual day of honor for one of the classic comfort foods!
Made with macaroni noodles, cream or milk, and the golden goodness
of cheese, mac and cheese shines as a side dish while also
standing on its own as a main dish. This meal reminds many of us
of home while also teaching us the basics of the kitchen. What
other recipes allow us to create so flamboyantly and often with so
little knowledge about cooking? From the classic mac and cheese
with cheddar or American cheeses to the spicy cowboy mac with
bacon and jalapenos, there's a combination for everyone. Mix up
the cheeses or load up on seasonings. It's easy to get a toasty
crust by setting the broiler for a couple of minutes at the end of
the cooking time. Mac and cheese offers a multitude of ways to
enjoy it, too. As a soup, it warms us up after a long day. Stuff
it inside a meatloaf or a burger for a meal made for a hungry,
busy family. Roll up bite-sized bits in bread crumbs and deep fry
for mouthwatering appetizers. Put your favorite mac and cheese
between two slices of crusty bread. Then put into a panini press
for some grilled yumminess. Whether we like it mild or spicy, mac
and cheese has us covered. Besides being simple to make, mac and
cheese enables us to experiment with other flavors we enjoy. We
break into our kitchen skills with mac and cheese, and it makes us
look good. Sometimes the can opener doesn't do that. On July 14th,
celebrate mac and cheese not only because we love to eat it, but
because it taught us we can cook, too. To observe National Mac &
Cheese Day: Enjoy some mac and cheese! Experiment with different
cheeses or try it with toppings. Don't hesitate to break out of
your normal routine. This is no time to be ho-hum. It's a
celebration of a food that's not only convenient but is versatile
and delicious, too. And use #NationalMacAndCheeseDay to share on
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Today, July 14, 2026
July 14: World Chimpanzee Day: -- July
14, 1960: Jane Goodall arrives at the Gombe Stream Reserve in
present-day Tanzania to begin her famous study of chimpanzees in
the wild. In 2018, the folks at the Jane Goodall Institute
established World Chimpanzee Day to celebrate this date. The work
done by Dr. Goodall lasted for more than three decades and
provided amazing insight into the unique communities in which
these intelligent creatures dwell. These incredibly clever and
delightfully social little primates are adorable to look at and
fascinating to experience in person. Sadly, the populations of
chimpanzees have gotten smaller and smaller due a variety of
factors, and today all four of the subspecies of chimpanzees are
on the endangered list. World Chimpanzee Day is here to raise
awareness regarding these fascinating creatures while encouraging
humans to learn more about these primates. In addition, this day
encourages people to advocate for and protect chimps, working to
ensure a hopeful future for them. From becoming more
environmentally conscious to modeling for children the empathy
required to continue the human connection with such creatures,
this day comes with a wide range of important opportunities. Show
some support and appreciation for these captivating little
primates by getting involved with World Chimpanzee Day! On Sale
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Today, July 14, 2026
July 14: Shark Awareness Day: --
celebrates the wondrous sea creatures that have had a bad rep for
quite a while now. When you think of the dangers of the sea,
sharks definitely make it on the list because of the way they are
depicted in movies and cartoons. However, Shark Awareness Day is
not a day to cry foul at said innocent fish, but instead, it is a
day of crying foul FOR them. The strong and extremely resilient
predators are, in fact, more scared of humans than the other way
around. There's a bigger chance of being struck by lightning than
being killed or attacked by a shark. From being killed because
humans are scared of them to being harvested for their meat and
fins, sharks have made it on the list of endangered species, which
is bad news for them as well as the environment. Shark Awareness
Day appears to have its origins in the U.S., but the day's goals
of raising awareness in favor of said sea creatures are universal.
Sharks, like fish, date so far back in history that many
scientists refer to them as 'living fossils.' In fact, sharks are
older than trees and dinosaurs, with the latter having roamed the
earth only 230 million years ago. Sharks, on the other hand, have
been on the planet for more than 420 million years now. They have
also survived five mass extinctions. They belong to the
cartilaginous group of fish because most of their skeleton is made
up of cartilage except for their teeth, which are hard, sharp, and
strong to snag and break down their food. Their sleek body shapes
aid in providing agility when swimming. Sharks also typically have
five or six slits on their sides and pectoral fins that are not
attached to their heads. Over the decades, shark numbers have
dwindled due to several reasons. People have been hunting them for
their skin, meat, and fins all over the world. This overfishing
has led to many shark organizations lobbying to make the shark
meat trade illegal. Yet many fishing companies refuse to follow
the laws and protocols, continuing to catch sharks for their
personal gain. Moreover, the scary and dangerous image of sharks,
created by pop culture, has led to many unnecessary killings of
the fish. According to studies and research, the shark population
has reduced by an exponential 71% since 1970. Such a situation is
alarming because a reduced shark population can have grievous
impacts on the environment. Sharks keep the ocean health in check
by keeping the population of other sea inhabitants under control.
For example, sharks prey on sea turtles, who eat seagrass that is
important for carbon storage. If the sea turtle population
increases, the carbon stores are threatened and, by extension, so
is the environment. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today, July 14, 2026
July 14: National Be Nice To Bugs Day: --
A holiday created in an effort to highlight the importance of bugs
in our ecosystem and stop their unnecessary killing. Many people
are in the habit of squashing insects because they're pestering
them or for no reason at all. To conserve our natural environment,
this needs to stop and although a spider might indeed look scary,
it's harmless if it hasn't bitten you. If you let bugs be, they
won't attack you unless they feel threatened. So, the next time
you find a wasp buzzing in your room, just open a window and leave
the room until it eventually flies out. Kiana Monson started this
holiday in 2021 to remind people to give a second thought to
killing bugs and insects. She encourages us to learn to respect
and acknowledge their existence instead of swatting at them out of
fear. They're innocent beings who harmlessly go about their lives
unless they are provoked. There are many entomologists and bug
collectors who study and deal with insects without getting harmed.
Many people rear silkworms which, according to history, the
Chinese started collecting as early as 3000 B.C. One of the most
commonly domesticated insects is the honeybee and the Chinese also
used to collect these between 3,500 and 4,000 years ago. So,
weren't they scared of getting stung by bees? Well, the trick lies
in understanding insect behavior. Beekeepers are very cautious
while handling the insects and are careful enough not to crush any
bee or set off their alarm pheromones. Of course, this takes weeks
and months of practice but once you learn how to read bees, you'd
know how to deal with them. The same applies to other insects too.
Having said that, we're not asking you to pet a tarantula to prove
your love for insects. All you need to do is avoid harming them.
Aside from doing your bit, you can do your part by spreading the
word. Children especially tend to kill insects unknowingly and a
quick lesson on being nice to bugs can prevent them from hurting
more in the future. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today, July 14, 2026
July 14: International Non-Binary
People's Day: -- Someone who does not identify solely as a male or
female is referred to as non-binary. Non-binary people can
identify as both a man and a woman, or as someone who falls
somewhere in between. Every day, non-binary persons demonstrate
that knowing one's self and identity is a tremendous tool that no
one can take away. There's still a lot of work to be done to
ensure complete protection and rights for our non-binary friends,
but we must also take time to celebrate them. This day is
commemorated annually to raise awareness of the difficulties that
non-binary people face around the world. The inaugural
commemoration of the day took place in 2012. This date was the
most suitable to celebrate non-binary people as it falls between
International Men's Day and International Women's Day. The Public
Universal Friend, a genderless missionary who later discarded both
birth name (Jemima Wilkinson) and gender pronouns, was the first
person to identify as non-binary in 1776. The Intersex and
Genderqueer Recognition Project was founded in 2012 to campaign
for gender options on official documents to be expanded. James
Shupe became the first individual in the U.S. to have a non-binary
gender on official documents in 2016. Between 2010 and 2014, the
wider legal recognition of non-binary people in Australian law
followed the recognition of intersex people in 2003, with
transgender activist Norrie May-Welby taking legal action against
the New South Wales Government Registry of Births, Deaths, and
Marriages to recognize Norrie's legal gender identity as
non-specific. Argentina became the first country in South America
to legally accept non-binary gender on all official documents on
July 21, 2021, when it included non-binary gender symbolized as
"X" on its national ID card. While the U.S. does not
recognize a non-binary gender identity on a federal level, Oregon
was the first state to do so in 2016. Following Oregon's lead,
California approved legislation in 2017 that allows residents to
declare themselves as non-binary on official documents. On Sale
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Today, July 14, 2026
July 14: National Nude Day: An annual
celebration when laundry is unnecessary! Enjoy an air bath or
explore the naturist movement. One thing is for sure, the
observance offers a way to keep cool on a hot, sticky summer day.
Nudist groups around the world celebrate this holiday and take it
quite seriously, too! Nudists (also known as naturists) are not
perverts, even though their desire to go au natural might be
offensive to the conservative population. They are individuals who
believe the human body is most beautiful in its natural state.
Whether or not you agree with them, nudists encourage people to
shed the restrictions of clothing and be natural. The the holiday
has origins in New Zealand, Benjamin Franklin, noted for enjoying
the natural state, would reportedly take air baths by the open
window of his room allowing the fresh air to drift around his
birthday suit. The postmaster didn't invent the naturist movement,
nor did it take any particular nation by storm. Its observance is
firmly planted during the middle of the summer months for a good
reason; the Northern Hemisphere doesn't mess around in January!
Some of the obvious benefits of the lifestyle include lighter
luggage when traveling for vacation and as mentioned before,
smaller loads of laundry. There are other benefits, too. Without
the shields of clothing, the wrinkles and sagging that come with
time cannot be camouflaged. Acceptance becomes very real and
normal and reassuring. However, wearing sunblock is still
advisable during any outdoor activities. Watch out for poison ivy,
oak, and sumac. Roses do have thorns, among many other plants and
animals. When recommended, wear protective gear. Skateboarding
comes to mind. Other related events taking place in July include
International Skinny Dipping Day and International Nude Recreation
Week. To observe National Nude Day, be sure to avoid breaking any
Public Decency Laws. Learn about clothing-optional resorts and
privacy fencing. And post on social media using #NationalNudeDay
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Today, July 14, 2026
July 14: Bastille Day (French: Quatorze
Juillet, "The Fourteenth Of July"): -- The Age Of
Enlightenment (The Enlightenment, The Age Of Reason): The Age Of
Revolution: The Atlantic Revolutions: The French Revolution: The
Storming Of The Bastille (French: Prise De La Bastille): -- The
flashpoint of the French Revolution is reached with The Storming
Of The Bastille, the result of the July 11 dismissal of Finance
Minister Jacques Necker, the who was sympathetic to the Third
Estate, to the outrage of the common people. The people of Paris
then stormed the Bastille, a fortress-prison-armory in Paris,
during the afternoon of July 14. The Bastille had often held
people jailed on the basis of lettres de cachet (literally "signet
letters"), arbitrary royal indictments that could not be
appealed and did not indicate the reason for the imprisonment, and
was also known for holding political prisoners whose writings had
displeased the royal government, all of which made the Bastille a
symbol of the absolutism of the monarchy. As it happened, at the
time of the attack in July 1789 there were only seven inmates,
none of great political significance. The Bastille also held a
large cache of ammunition and gunpowder, and the people, fearful
that they and their representatives would be attacked by the royal
army or by foreign regiments of mercenaries in the king's service,
sought to obtain the ammunition and gunpowder stored in the
Bastile for the use of the general populace in order to defend
themselves. Bastille Day is the common name given in
English-speaking countries to France's National Day (a designated
date on which celebrations mark the nationhood of a nation or
non-sovereign country) and is known colloquially as Quatorze
Juillet (Fourteen July). This French National Day replaced the
precursor Festival of the Federation (Fete de la Federation),
which celebrated the unity of the French people on July 14, 1790.
Celebrations are held throughout France. The oldest and largest
regular military parade in Europe is held on the morning of 14
July, on the Champs-Elysees in Paris in front of the President of
the Republic, along with other French officials and foreign
guests. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today, July 14, 2026
July 14, 1965: Outer Space Firsts: The
History Of Rocketry: The History Of Spaceflight: The Aftermath Of
World War II: The Cold War: The Space Age: The Space Race: The
Discovery And Exploration Of The Solar System: Space Probes:
Interplanetary Space Probes: The United States Space Program: The
Mariner Program: Mariner 4 (Mariner-Mars 1964): -- The Mariner 4
flyby of Mars results in the first close-up photos taken of
another planet. Mariner 4 (together with Mariner 3 known as
Mariner-Mars 1964) was the fourth in a series of spacecraft
intended for planetary exploration in a flyby mode. It was
designed to conduct closeup scientific observations of Mars and to
transmit these observations to Earth. Launched on November 28,
1964, Mariner 4 performed the first successful flyby of the planet
Mars, returning the first close-up pictures of the Martian
surface. It captured the first images of another planet ever
returned from deep space; their depiction of a cratered, seemingly
dead world, largely changed the scientific community's view of
life on Mars. Other mission objectives were to perform field and
particle measurements in interplanetary space in the vicinity of
Mars and to provide experience in and knowledge of the engineering
capabilities for interplanetary flights of long duration. On
December 21, 1967 communications with Mariner 4 were terminated.
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Today, July 14, 2026
July 14, 1874: Conflagrations:
Conflagrations In The United States: Urban Fires: Urban Fires In
The United States: Fires In Chicago: The Chicago Fire Of 1874 (The
Little Chicago Fire, The Little Big Fire, The Fire Of 1874, The
Second Chicago fire): -- The Chicago Fire Of 1874 occurs; reports
of the extent of the damage vary somewhat, but sources generally
agree that the fire burned 47 acres just south of the Loop (one of
Chicago's 77 designated community areas, the central business
district of the city and the main section of Downtown Chicago),
destroyed 812 structures and killed 20 people. The affected
neighborhood had been home to Chicago's community of Jewish
immigrants from Russia and Poland, as well as to a significant
population of middle-class African-American families; both ethnic
groups were displaced in the aftermath of the fire to other
neighborhoods on the city's West and South Sides. The fire
insurance industry's National Board of Underwriters responded to
the fire by demanding widespread changes in Chicago's fire
prevention and firefighting efforts, and ultimately encouraged
fire insurers to cancel all coverage of buildings in the city in
October. Many insurers did halt their activities in Chicago, and
only returned to issuing policies in the city after the municipal
government adopted many of the suggested reforms. On Sale Until
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Today, July 14, 2026
July 14, 1905: Civil Rights Movements:
The American Civil Rights Movement (1896-1954) (The Jim Crow Era):
Civil Rights Organizations (Civil Rights Movement Organizations):
African American Civil Rights Organizations (Civil Rights Movement
Organizations): The Niagara Movement (NM): The Niagara Falls
Conference (The First Niagara Falls Conference) (July 11-14,
1905): -- The Niagara Falls Conference concludes, three days after
"The Original Twenty-Nine", the twenty-nine African
American founders of The Niagara Movement led by W. E. B. Du Bois,
John Hope, and William Monroe Trotter, arrived from fourteen
states at the Erie Beach Hotel, Fort Erie, Ontario, on the
Canadian side of the Niagara River, for their inaugural meeting.
The First Niagara Conference was originally scheduled for Buffalo,
New York, but because of threatened disruptions from partisans of
the politically powerful Booker T. Washington, they fled at the
last minute to the Erie Beach Hotel in Fort Erie, Ontario, Canada.
Du Bois described the meeting as "secret". One
Bookerite, Clifford Plummer, traveled to Buffalo to check up on
the proceedings, looked around, and "happily" reported
back that there was no conference. To disguise their conference,
they publicly announced that they were refused accommodation for
it, not in Fort Erie where it actually was, but in Buffalo, New
York instead. Accordingly, there is no no evidence that any
Buffalo hotels denied such accommodation. According to
contemporary reports, Buffalo hotels complied with a statewide
anti-discrimination law passed in 1895. The attendees of the
inaugural meeting drafted a "Declaration of Principles,"
primarily the work of Du Bois and Trotter. The group's philosophy
contrasted with the conciliatory approach by Booker T. Washington,
who proposed patience over militancy. The declaration defined the
group's philosophy and demands: politically, socially and
economically. It described the progress made by "Negro-Americans",
"particularly the increase of intelligence, the buy-in of
property, the checking of crime, the uplift in home life, the
advance in literature and art, and the demonstration of
constructive and executive ability in the conduct of great
religious, economic and educational institutions." It called
for blacks to be granted manhood suffrage, for equal treatment for
all American citizens alike. Very specifically, it demanded equal
economic opportunities, in the rural districts of the South, where
many blacks were trapped by sharecropping in a kind of indentured
servitude to whites. This resulted in "virtual slavery".
The Niagara Movement wanted all African Americans in the South to
have the ability to "earn a decent living". On the
subject of education, the authors declared that not only should it
be free, but it should also be made compulsory. Higher education,
they declared, should be governed independently of class or race,
and they demanded action to be taken to improve "high school
facilities." This they emphasized: "either the United
States will destroy ignorance, or ignorance will destroy the
United States." They demanded for judges to be selected
independently of their race, and for convicted criminals, white or
black, to be given equal punishments for their respective crimes.
In his address to the nation, W. E. B. Du Bois stated, "We
are not more lawless than the white race; we [are] more often
arrested, convicted and mobbed. We want justice, even for
criminals and outlaws." He called for the abolition of the
convict lease system. Established after the Civil War before
southern states built prisons, convicts were leased out to work as
cheap laborers for "railway contractors, mining companies and
those who farm large plantations." Southern states had passed
laws targeting blacks and leasing them out to pay off fines or
fees they could not manage. The system continued, earning money
for local jurisdictions and the state from leasing out prisoners.
There was little oversight, and many prisoners were abused and
worked to death. Urging a return to the faith of "our
fathers," the declaration appealed for every person to be
considered equal and free. The declaration also targeted the
treatment blacks received from labor unions, often oppressed and
not fully protected by their employers nor granted permanent
employment. It validated the already announced affirmation that
such protest against outright injustice would not cease until such
discrimination did. Secondly, Du Bois and Trotter stated the
irrationality of discriminating based on one's "physical
peculiarities", whether it be place of birth or color of
skin. Perhaps one's ignorance, or immorality, poverty or diseases
are legitimate excuses, but not the matters over which individuals
have no control. Near its end, the document condemns the Jim Crow
laws, the rejection of blacks for enlistment in the Navy and by
the military academies, the non-enforcement of the 13th, 14th and
15th Amendments protecting the rights of blacks, and the
"unchristian" behaviors of churches that segregate and
show prejudice to their black brothers. The Declaration thanked
those who "stand for equality" and the advancement of
this cause. Booker T. Washington and his supporters tried to
discourage growth of this rival movement. Washington, Thomas
Fortune, and Charles Anderson met after learning of the Movement's
formation, and agreed to suppress news of it in the black press.
They acquired supporters in Archibald Grimke and Kelly Miller, two
moderates who had been friendly with Trotter, but had not been
invited by Du Bois to the convention (Grimke was hired by
Fortune's New York Age). The Age editorialized that the Movement
was little more than an attempt to tear down the house that
Washington had labored to set up. A Boston supporter of Washington
convinced the printer of Trotter's Guardian to withdraw his
services, but Trotter managed to continue printing anyway.
Prominent white activists, including Francis Jackson Garrison and
Oswald Garrison Villard (family of abolitionist William Lloyd
Garrison, a hero of Trotter), refused to attend Trotter-organized
commemorations of their father's birth centennial. They chose a
celebration organized by Bookerites. Despite Washington's attempts
at suppression, Du Bois reported at the end of 1905 that a number
of black publications had published accounts of the Movement's
activities, and it received further publicity as a consequence of
Bookerite press attacks against it. Washington also attacked the
Constitution League, a multi-racial civil rights group that was
also opposed to his accommodationist policies. The Movement made
common cause with this organization. The subsequent Niagara
Conference was held the following year at Storer College, Harpers
Ferry, West Virginia. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today, July 14, 2026
July 14, 1948: Elections: Elections In
The United States: The 1948 United States Presidential Election:
The 1948 United States Democratic National Convention: The Walkout
Of The Dixiecrats: -- The Alabama and Mississippi delegations walk
out of the Democratic convention after adoption of a civil rights
plank, prompting the foundation of the States' Rights Democratic
Party ("Dixiecrats"), who nominated Strom Thurmond for
president. Northern Democrats led by Mayor of Minneapolis Hubert
Humphrey and Illinois Senate candidate Paul Douglas pushed for the
convention to adopt a strong civil rights platform plank and
endorse President Truman's pro-civil rights actions. They were
opposed by conservatives opposed to racial integration and by
moderates who feared alienating Southern voters (regarded as
essential to a Democratic victory), including some of Truman's own
aides. They were supported by northeastern urban Democratic
leaders, who thought the plank would appeal to the growing black
vote in their cities, traditionally Republican. In a speech to the
convention, Humphrey urged the Democratic Party to "get out
of the shadow of states' rights and walk forthrightly into the
bright sunshine of human rights." The convention adopted the
civil rights plank in a close vote (651 1/2 - 582 1/2). In
response, all 22 members of the Mississippi delegation, led by
Governor Fielding L. Wright and former Governor Hugh L. White,
walked out of the assembly. Thirteen members of the Alabama
delegation followed, led by Leven H. Ellis. The bolted delegates
and other Southerners then formed The States' Rights Democratic
Party ("Dixiecrats"), which nominated Strom Thurmond for
president and Wright for vice president. The fight over the civil
rights plank at the 1948 convention was a launching point for
Humphrey as a political figure of national stature. He was elected
to the United States Senate in November, and in 1964 was elected
vice president. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today, July 14, 2026
July 14, 1960: Elections: Elections In
The United States: The 1960 United States Presidential Election:
The 1960 United States Democratic National Convention: -- Day four
of the five-day The 1960 Democratic National Convention in Los
Angeles, California sees the convention nominate Senator John F.
Kennedy of Massachusetts for president and Senate Majority Leader
Lyndon B. Johnson of Texas for vice president. In the general
election, the Kennedy-Johnson ticket won an electoral college
victory and a narrow popular vote plurality (slightly over 110,000
nationally) over the Republican candidates Vice President Richard
M. Nixon and UN Ambassador Henry C. Lodge II. Due to its size, the
Biltmore Hotel was selected to serve as the headquarters hotel for
the Democratic National Committee. It also housed command-posts
for the campaigns of the various candidates seeking the
nomination, temporary studio spaces for the television networks,
and workspaces for select print journalists. On Sale Until
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Saddam Hussein: His Life, His Regime, His Iraq DVD, Download, USB
Today, July 14, 2026
July 14, 1958: 20th Century Revolutions:
The Cold War: The Cold War (1953-1962): The Arab Cold War (July
23, 1952 - February 11, 1979): Iraq: The History Of Iraq: The
Kingdom Of Iraq (The Hashemite Kingdom Of Iraq): The Republic Of
Iraq: The History Of The Republic Of Iraq: The 14 July Revolution
(The 1958 Iraqi Coup D'Etat, The 1958 Iraqi Military Coup): -- The
Hashemite monarchy of The Hashemite Kingdom Of Iraq is overthrown
by popular forces led by Abd al-Karim Qasim, who becomes the
nation's new leader. The Hashemite monarchy which had been
established by King Faisal I in 1921 under the auspices of the
British. King Faisal II, Prince 'Abd al-Ilah, and Prime Minister
Nuri al-Said were killed during the uprising. The coup laid the
ideological foundations of Iraq that were to last until 2003, with
Iraq becoming a de facto Arab nationalist and socialist one-party
state. As a result of the overthrow of the Iraqi Hashemite
dynasty, the coup d'etat established the Iraqi Republic. The coup
ended the Hashemite Arab Federation between Iraq and Jordan that
had been established just 6 months earlier. Abd al-Karim Qasim
took power as Prime Minister until 1963 when he was overthrown and
killed in the Ramadan Revolution. Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr, President
of Iraq from 17 July 1968 until 16 July 1979, who had appointed
his cousin Saddam Hussein to be his deputy, first rose to
prominence following the 14 July Revolution which overthrew the
monarchy Hashemite Kingdom of Iraq, and was forced out by Saddam
Hussein who then seized control of Iraq. On Sale Until Midnight
Tonight PT!
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Today, July 14, 2026
July 14, 1602: #BOTD: #HBD! Cardinal
Mazarin, Italian-French cardinal, diplomat, and politician who
served as the chief minister to the kings of France Louis XIII and
Louis XIV from 1642 until his death, Duke of Mayenne (beginning
1654), 1st Duke of Rethel and Nevers (beginning 1659) (d. March 9,
1661) is #born Giulio Raimondo Mazzarino (or Mazarini) in Pescina
in the Abruzzo province of Italy. Cardinal Jules Mazarin succeeded
his mentor, Cardinal Richelieu, upon Richelieu's death on December
4, 1642. He was a noted collector of art and jewels, particularly
diamonds, and he bequeathed the "Mazarin Diamonds" to
Louis XIV in 1661, some of which remain in the collection of the
Louvre museum in Paris. His personal library was the origin of the
Bibliotheque Mazarine in Paris, founded by Mazarin as the first
true public library in France, which is now found in the Institut
de France, across the Seine from the Louvre. After serving as a
papal diplomat for Pope Urban VIII, Mazarin offered his diplomatic
services to Cardinal Richelieu and moved to Paris in 1640.
Following the death of Richelieu, Mazarin took his place as first
minister, and after that of Louis XIII in 1643, Mazarin acted as
the head of the government for Anne of Austria, the regent for the
young Louis XIV, and was also made responsible for the king's
education until he came of age. The first years of Mazarin in
office were marked by military victories in the Thirty Years' War,
which he used to make France the main European power and establish
the Peace of Westphalia (1646-48). A major uprising against Anne
of Austria and Mazarin, called the Fronde and led by the nobles of
the Parliament of Paris, broke out in Paris in 1648, followed by a
second Fronde led by Louis, Grand Conde, who turned from his chief
ally to his chief enemy. Mazarin took Anne of Austria and Louis
XIV out of Paris, and then shifted his base to Germany for a time.
Turenne, a general loyal to Louis XIV and Mazarin, defeated Conde,
and Mazarin made a triumphal return to Paris in 1653. The last
years of Mazarin's life, between 1657 and his death in 1661, were
marked by a series of major diplomatic victories, In 1657 he made
a military alliance with England. In 1658 he unveiled the League
of the Rhine, a new group of fifty small German principalities
which were now linked by a treaty with France. In the same year,
Marshal Turenne decisively defeated the army of Conde at the
Battle of the Dunes in Flanders. Between February and June 1659,
Mazarin conducted intensive negotiations with the Spanish. On 7
November 1659 Spain signed the Treaty of the Pyrenees, which added
Artois, the Cerdagne and Roussillon as new provinces of France.
This was followed in June 1660 by an even more important
diplomatic event carefully arranged by Mazarin; the marriage of
Louis XIV with Maria Theresa of Spain. The marriage took place in
Saint-Jean-de-Luz. The couple made a triumphant entry into Paris
on 26 August 1660. This marriage and accompanying agreements
ended, at least for a time, the long and costly wars between the
Habsburgs and France. Exhausted by his diplomatic efforts, Mazarin
died of undisclosed causes at the Chateau de Vincennes in
Vincennes, Ile-de-France, France, aged 58. He was buried Place at
the College des Quatre Nations Chapel in Paris, France. Mazarin,
as the actual (de facto) ruler of France, played a crucial role in
establishing the Westphalian principles that would guide European
states' foreign policy and the prevailing world order. Some of
these principles, such as the nation state's sovereignty over its
territory and domestic affairs and the legal equality among
states, remain the basis of international law to this day. In
addition to his diplomacy, Mazarin was an important patron of the
arts. He introduced Italian opera on a grand scale to Paris, and
assembled a remarkable art collection, much of which today can be
seen in the Louvre. He also founded the Bibliotheque Mazarine, the
first true public library in France, which is now found in the
Institut de France, across the Seine from the Louvre. On Sale
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Today's
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Today, July 14, 2026
July 14, 1918: #DOTD: #RIP: Quentin
Roosevelt, American lieutenant and pilot, youngest son of
President Theodore Roosevelt and First Lady Edith Roosevelt (b.
November 19, 1897) #dies when he was killed in aerial combat over
France on Bastille Day, the only child of a U.S. president to have
died in combat. Three German pilots have been credited with
Quentin's shootdown and death at various times, and all three of
them may have been his killer. Leutnant Karl Thom of Jasta 21, one
of the greatest German flying aces of the war, was in the vicinity
and had confirmed kills nearby; he was often credited with
Quentin's downing, but never claimed the kill.[citation needed]
Leutnant Christian Donhauser of Jasta 17 claimed credit and
publicized himself as Quentin's killer after the war.[citation
needed] Sergeant Carl Graeper of Jasta 50 also claimed credit, but
if he did fire the fatal shots, it was his only kill during the
war.[citation needed] All three of them may have been in the
dogfight which claimed Quentin's life. A clipping from the
Kolnische Zeitung obtained through the Spanish Embassy gave this
account of the fight: "The aviator of the American Squadron,
Quentin Roosevelt, in trying to break through the airzone over the
Marne, met the death of a hero. A formation of seven German
airplanes, while crossing the Marne, saw in the neighborhood of
Dormans a group of twelve American fighting airplanes and attacked
them. A lively air battle began, in which one American (Quentin)
in particular persisted in attacking. The principal feature of the
battle consisted in an air duel between the American and a German
fighting pilot named Sergeant Greper. After a short struggle,
Greper succeeded in bringing the brave American just before his
gun-sights. After a few shots the plane apparently got out of his
control; the American began to fall and struck the ground near the
village of Chamery, about ten kilometers north of the Marne. The
American flier was killed by two shots through the head. Papers in
his pocket showed him to be Quentin Roosevelt, of the United
States army. His effects are being taken care of in order to be
sent to his relatives. He was buried by German aviators with
military honors. The German pilot who shot down Quentin Roosevelt
told me of counting twenty bullet holes in his machine when he
landed after the fight. He survived the war but was killed in an
accident while engaged in delivering German airplanes to the
American Forces under the terms of the Armistice." The German
military buried him with full battlefield honors. Since the plane
had crashed so near the front lines, they used two pieces of
basswood saplings, bound together with wire from his Nieuport, to
fashion a cross for his grave. For propaganda purposes, they made
a postcard of the dead pilot and his plane. However, this was met
with shock in Germany, which still held Theodore Roosevelt in high
respect and was impressed that a former president's son died on
active duty. According to his service record, the site was at
Marne Grave #1 Isolated Commune #102, Coulongue Aisne. The French
government posthumously awarded him the Croix de Guerre with Palm.
Quentin was posthumously awarded an A.B. (War Degree) by Harvard,
Class of 1919. Funeral services held by the Germans were witnessed
on July fifteenth by Captain James E. Gee of the 110th Infantry,
who had been captured and was being evacuated to the rear. Gee
passed through Chamery, the little village near which the plane
crashed to earth. He thus describes the scene: "in a hollow
square about the open grave were assembled approximately one
thousand German soldiers, standing stiffly in regular lines. They
were dressed in field gray uniforms, wore steel helmets, and
carried rifles. Near the grave was a smashed plane, and beside it
was a small group of officers, one of whom was speaking to the
men. I did not pass close enough to hear what he was saying; we
were prisoners and did not have the privilege of lingering, even
for such an occasion as this. At the time I did not know who was
being buried, but the guards informed me later. The funeral
certainly was elaborate. I was told afterward by Germans that they
paid Lieut. Roosevelt such honor not only because he was a gallant
aviator, who died fighting bravely against odds, but because he
was the son of Colonel Roosevelt whom they esteemed as one of the
greatest Americans." On July 18, in a great allied
counter-attack, the village where Quentin fell was retaken from
the Germans, and his grave was found by some American soldiers. At
its head was a wooden cross, on which was printed: "Leutnant
Q. Roosevelt | Honored and Buried by the Imperial German Army."
Following the custom that sprang up in the chivalrous environment
of the air services, the broken propeller blades and bent and
scarred wheels of the plane were marking his resting-place. Nearby
lay the shattered remains of the airplane, with the seventy-six
"wound stripes" which Quentin had painted on it, still
to be seen. The engineer regiment of the division that had retaken
Chamery marked the spot where the airplane fell, and raised a
cross at the grave with the inscription: "Here rests on the
field of honor | Quentin Roosevelt | Air Service U.S.A. | Killed
in action July 1918." The French placed an oaken enclosure
with a head-born reading: "Lieutenant | Quentin Roosevelt |
Squadron 95 | Fallen gloriously | In aerial combat | 14 July 1918
| For right | And liberty". After his grave came under Allied
control, thousands of American soldiers visited it to pay their
respects. Roosevelt's resting place became a shrine and an
inspiration to his comrades in arms. His death was a great
personal loss to his father, who understood quite well that he had
encouraged his son's entry into the War. It is said that he never
fully recovered from his son's death. Within six months, Theodore
himself would be dead. Quentin Roosevelt's grave in the Normandy
American Cemetery. In 1955, eleven years after the World War II
American Cemetery was established in France at Colleville-sur-Mer,
Quentin's body was exhumed and moved there. Quentin's remains were
moved in order to be buried next to his eldest brother Ted, who
had died of a heart attack in France in 1944, shortly after
leading his troops in landings on Utah Beach on D-Day as Assistant
4th Infantry Division Commander (an act which would earn him the
Medal of Honor). Quentin's original gravestone was moved to
Sagamore Hill to serve as a cenotaph for the former president's
son. The German-made basswood cross that marked Quentin's original
gravesite is on display at the National Museum of the United
States Air Force, at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, in Dayton,
Ohio. Quentin Roosevelt was born Quentin Roosevelt I in
Washington, D.C. into Theodore Roosevelt's family, which included
half-sister Alice, sister Ethel, and brothers Ted (Theodore III),
Kermit, and Archie. Quentin was three years old when his father
became president, and he grew up in the White House. By far the
favorite of all of President Roosevelt's children, Quentin was
also the most rambunctious. Quentin's behavior prompted his
mother, Edith, to label him a "fine bad little boy".
Amongst Quentin's many adventures with the "White House Gang"
(a name assigned by T.R. to Quentin and his friends, which
included William Taft's son, and Roswell Pinckney, future state
department official and son of African American White House
steward Henry Pinckney), Quentin carved a baseball diamond on the
White House lawn without permission, defaced official presidential
portraits in the White House with spitballs, threw snowballs from
the White House's roof at unsuspecting Secret Service guards, and
occasionally rode on top of the family elevator with his friend,
Charlie Taft, the son of Secretary of War and future President
William Howard Taft. The Secret Service were alarmed to see a fire
and smoke behind the White House, only to see Quentin with a
makeshift brick stone baking some potatoes. He quickly became
known for his humorous and sometimes philosophical remarks. To a
reporter trying to trap the boy into giving information about his
father, Quentin admitted, "I see him occasionally, but I know
nothing of his family life." The family soon learned to keep
him quiet during dinner when important guests were present. Once,
when his brother Archie was terribly ill, it was Quentin (with the
help of Charles Lee, a White House coachman) who brought the pony
Algonquin to his room by elevator, sure that this would make his
brother smile. Quentin started his education at Force Elementary
School and then attended the Episcopal High School in Alexandria,
Virginia. Later he was a student at the Evans School for Boys and
Groton School. Quentin consistently scored high marks and
displayed the intellectual prowess of his father. He was admitted
to Harvard University in 1915. By the time Quentin was a sophomore
at Harvard, also like his father, he was showing promise as a
writer. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today, July 14, 2026
July 14, 1932: #BOTD: #HBD! Rosey Grier,
African American actor, singer, Protestant minister, and football
player, is #born Roosevelt Grier in Cuthbert, Georgia, one of
twelve children, and named after Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who
would later that year be elected President Of The United States.
He was a notable college football player for Penn State who earned
a place in the NCAA 100th anniversary list of 100 most influential
student athletes. A professional player for twelve seasons, Grier
was a member of the New York Giants and the original Fearsome
Foursome of the Los Angeles Rams. He played in the Pro Bowl twice
and won the 1956 NFL Championship with the Giants. After Grier's
professional sports career, he worked as a bodyguard for Senator
Robert Kennedy during the 1968 presidential campaign. Grier was
guarding Ethel Kennedy when Senator Kennedy was shot. Although
unable to prevent the assassination, Grier took control of the gun
and subdued the shooter, Sirhan Sirhan. Grier hosted his own Los
Angeles television show and made approximately 70 guest
appearances on various shows during the 1960s and 1970s. Grier is
known for his serious pursuit of hobbies not traditionally
associated with men, such as needlepoint and macrame, and authored
Rosey Grier's Needlepoint For Men in 1973. Grier became an
ordained Protestant minister in 1983 and travels as an
inspirational speaker. He founded American Neighborhood
Enterprises, a nonprofit organization that serves inner city
youth. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today, July 14, 2026
July 14, 1974: Aviation: The History Of
Aviation: The History Of Military Aviation: Maiden Flights: -- The
first of fifteen development aircraft (nine prototypes, P01 to
P09, and six pre-series, PS11 to PS 16) of the Panavia Tornado
family of twin-engine, variable-sweep wing multirole combat
aircraft takes its first flight at Manching, Germany; the pilot,
Paul Millett described his experience: "Aircraft handling was
delightful... the actual flight went so smoothly that I did begin
to wonder whether this was not yet another simulation".
Flight testing led to the need for minor modifications. Airflow
disturbances were responded to by re-profiling the engine intakes
and the fuselage to minimise surging and buffeting at supersonic
speeds. The Panavia Tornado was jointly developed and manufactured
by Italy, the United Kingdom and West Germany. There are three
primary Tornado variants: the Tornado IDS (interdictor/strike)
fighter-bomber, the suppression of enemy air defences Tornado ECR
(electronic combat/reconnaissance) and the Tornado ADV (air
defence variant) interceptor aircraft. The Tornado was developed
and built by Panavia Aircraft GmbH, a tri-national consortium
consisting of British Aerospace (previously British Aircraft
Corporation), MBB of West Germany, and Aeritalia of Italy. Due to
its multirole design, it was able to replace several different
fleets of aircraft in the adopting air forces. The Royal Saudi Air
Force (RSAF) became the only export operator of the Tornado in
addition to the three original partner nations. A tri-nation
training and evaluation unit operating from RAF Cottesmore, the
Tri-National Tornado Training Establishment, maintained a level of
international co-operation beyond the production stage. The
Tornado was operated by the Royal Air Force (RAF), Italian Air
Force, and RSAF during the Gulf War of 1991, in which the Tornado
conducted many low-altitude penetrating strike missions. The
Tornados of various services were also used in the Bosnian War,
Kosovo War, Iraq War, in Libya during the 2011 Libyan civil war,
as well as smaller roles in Afghanistan, Yemen, and Syria.
Including all variants, 990 aircraft were built. On Sale Until
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Today, July 14, 2026
July 14, 1933: The Interwar Period (The
Interbellum, Between The Wars): The Road To War: Nazi Germany (The
German Reich, The Third Reich): Gleichschaltung (German:
"Coordination", effectively meaning "Nazification"):
-- In a decree by Adolf Hitler called the Gleichschaltung, all
political parties are outlawed in Germany except for the Nazi
Party. The "Gesetz Gegen Die Neubildung Von Parteien ("Law
Against The Establishment Of Political Parties") declared the
Nazi Party to be the country's only legal party. However, for all
practical purposes Germany had been a one-party state since the
passage of the Enabling Act, the March 23, 1933 Weimar
Constitution amendment that gave the German Cabinet - in effect,
Chancellor Adolf Hitler - the power to enact laws without the
involvement of the Reichstag, the Lower house of the Weimar
Republic's Legislature. Gleichschaltung, or in English
Coordination, was in Nazi terminology the process of Nazification
by which Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party successively established
a system of totalitarian control and coordination over all aspects
of German society, "from the economy and trade associations
to the media, culture and education". The apex of the
Nazification of Germany was in the resolutions approved during the
Nuremberg Rally of 1935, when the symbols of the Nazi Party and
the State were fused (see Flag of Germany) and German Jews were
deprived of their citizenship (see Nuremberg Laws). On Sale Until
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Today, July 14, 2026
July 14, 1933: The Interwar Period (The
Interbellum, Between The Wars): The Road To War: Nazi Germany (The
German Reich, The Third Reich): Nazi Eugenics ("Racial
Hygiene"): The Law For The Prevention Of Genetically Diseased
Offspring: -- Nazi Germany enacts The Law For The Prevention Of
Hereditarily Diseased Offspring, effective January 1934. It
allowed the compulsory sterilization of any citizen who in the
opinion of a "Genetic Health Court" (Gr.
Erbgesundheitsgericht) suffered from a list of alleged genetic
disorders - many of which were not, in fact, genetic. The
Hereditary Health Court, also known as, the Genetic Health Court,
were courts that decided whether people should be forcibly
sterilized in Nazi Germany. This decision making method of using
courts for hereditary health in Nazi Germany was created to
implement the Nazi race policy aiming for racial hygiene. The
elaborate interpretive commentary on the law was written by three
dominant figures in the racial hygiene movement: Ernst Rudin,
Arthur Gutt and the lawyer Falk Ruttke. The law itself was based
on a 'model' American law developed by Harry H. Laughlin, an
American educator, eugenicist, and sociologist who served as the
Superintendent of the Eugenics Record Office from its inception in
1910 to its closing in 1939. The Eugenics Record Office (ERO),
located in Cold Spring Harbor, New York, United States, was a
research institute that gathered biological and social information
about the American population, serving as a center for eugenics
and human heredity research from 1910 to 1939. It was established
by the Carnegie Institution of Washington's Station for
Experimental Evolution, and subsequently administered by its
Department of Genetics. Both its founder, Charles Benedict
Davenport, and its director, Harry H. Laughlin, were major
contributors to the field of eugenics in the United States. Its
mission was to collect substantial information on the ancestry of
the American population, to produce propaganda that was made to
fuel the eugenics movement, and to promote of the idea of
race-betterment. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today, July 14, 2026
July 14, 1912: #BOTD: #HBD! Woody
Guthrie, American singer-songwriter and guitarist, regarded as one
of the most significant figures in American folk music, whose
songs, including social justice songs, such as "This Land Is
Your Land", have inspired several generations both
politically and musically (d. October 3, 1967) is #born Woodrow
Wilson Guthrie, in Okemah, a small town in Okfuskee County,
Oklahoma, named after Woodrow Wilson, at that time the Governor of
New Jersey and the Democratic candidate for President of the
United States, who was elected to that office the following
November 5th. He wrote hundreds of political, folk, and children's
songs, along with ballads and improvised works, sometimes with a
Communist leaning. His album of songs about the Dust Bowl period,
Dust Bowl Ballads, is included on Mojo magazine's 100 Records That
Changed The World. Many of his recorded songs are archived in the
Library of Congress. Songwriters such as Bob Dylan, Phil Ochs,
Johnny Cash, Bruce Springsteen, Robert Hunter, Harry Chapin, John
Mellencamp, Pete Seeger, Andy Irvine, Joe Strummer, Billy Bragg,
Jerry Garcia, Jay Farrar, Bob Weir, Jeff Tweedy, Bob Childers,
Sammy Walker and Tom Paxton have acknowledged Guthrie as a major
influence. He frequently performed with the slogan "This
machine kills fascists" displayed on his guitar. Woody
Guthrie died of complications of Huntington's disease at Creedmore
State Hospital (now known as Creedmoor Psychiatric Center) in
Queens Village, Queens, New York, aged 55. According to a Guthrie
family legend, he was listening to his son Arlo's "Alice's
Restaurant", a recording of which Arlo had delivered to
Woody's bedside, shortly before he died. There are two accounts of
the dispostion of his remains; he has a well-attended gravestone
at Highland Cemetery in Okemah, Oklahoma, while his remains were
also reputed to have breen cremated and scattered at sea (though
which sea is a matter of conjecture; likely, the Atlantic Ocean,
off the coast of New York). By the time of Guthrie's death, his
work had been discovered by a new audience, introduced to them
through Dylan, Pete Seeger, Ramblin' Jack Elliott, his ex-wife
Marjorie and other new members of the folk revival, including his
son Arlo Guthrie. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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July 14, 1938: #BOTD: #HBD! Jerry Rubin,
American activist, author, and businessman (d. November 28, 1994)
is #born Jerry Clyde Rubin in Cincinnati, Ohio. He was an American
social activist, anti-war leader, and counterculture icon during
the 1960s and 1970s. During the 1980s, he became a successful
businessman. Rubin played an instrumental role in the anti-war
demonstration that accompanied the 1968 Democratic National
Convention in Chicago by helping to organize the Yippie "Festival
of Life" in Lincoln Park. The arrest and trial of the Yippie
leaders (known later as the Chicago Conspiracy Trial) which began
on September 24, 1969 eventually led to the conviction of Rubin
and seven others on charges of incitement to riot, including Abbie
Hoffman, Rennie Davis, John Froines, David Dellinger, Lee Weiner,
Tom Hayden, and Bobby Seale. The defendants were commonly referred
to as the "Chicago Eight". Seale's trial, however, was
severed from the others after he demanded the right to serve as
his own lawyer and was sentenced to four years in prison for
contempt of court, making the Chicago Eight the Chicago Seven.
Rubin, along with the six other defendants, was found not guilty
on the charge of conspiracy but guilty (with four other
defendants) on the charge of incitement. He was also sentenced by
the judge to more than three years in prison for contempt of
court. All the convictions for incitement were later overturned by
an appeals court, who cited judicial and prosecutorial misconduct.
Most of the contempt of court citations were also overturned on
appeal. Jerry Rubin died when he was hit by a car while jaywalking
as he attempted to cross Wilshire Boulevard, in front of his
penthouse apartment in the Westwood area of Los Angeles,
California. It was a Monday evening and weekday traffic was heavy,
with three lanes moving in each direction. One motorist swerved to
miss Rubin but a second driver, immediately behind the first,
struck him. He was taken to the UCLA Medical Center, where he died
of a heart attack two weeks later. He is interred in the Hillside
Memorial Park Cemetery in Culver City, California. Fellow Chicago
Seven member and friend, State Senator (D-Santa Monica) Tom
Hayden, said after Rubin's death "He was a great life force,
full of spunk, courage and wit. I think his willingness to defy
authority for constructive purposes will be missed. Up to the end,
he was defying authority." On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today, July 14, 2026
July 14, 1881: #DOTD: Billy The Kid, also
known as William H. Bonney, American Old Wild West outlaw
gunfighter (b. November 23, 1859) #dies when he is shot and killed
by Pat Garrett outside Fort Sumner, aged 21. He is buried at Old
Fort Sumner Cemetery in Fort Sumner, New Mexico. Born Henry
McCarty on September 17 or November 23, 1859 , also known as
William H. Bonney, killed eight men before he was shot and killed
at age 21. He took part in New Mexico's Lincoln County War, an Old
West conflict between rival factions, which began in 1878, in New
Mexico Territory, the predecessor to the modern state of New
Mexico, and dragged on until 1881. During that time, he allegedly
took part in three murders. McCarty was orphaned at age 13. The
owner of a boarding house gave him a room in exchange for work.
His first arrest was for stealing food at age 16 in late 1875. Ten
days later, he robbed a Chinese laundry and was arrested, but he
escaped only two days later. He tried to stay with his stepfather,
and then fled from New Mexico Territory into neighboring Arizona
Territory, making him both an outlaw and a federal fugitive. After
murdering a blacksmith during an altercation in August 1877,
Bonney became a wanted man in Arizona Territory and returned to
New Mexico, where he joined a group of cattle rustlers. He became
a well-known figure in the region when he joined the Regulators
and took part in the Lincoln County War. In April 1878, the
Regulators killed three men, including Lincoln County Sheriff
William J. Brady and one of his deputies. Bonney and two other
Regulators were later charged with killing all three men. Bonney's
notoriety grew in December 1880 when the Las Vegas Gazette in Las
Vegas, New Mexico, and The Sun in New York City carried stories
about his crimes. Sheriff Pat Garrett captured Bonney later that
month at Stinking Springs, New Mexico. In April 1881, Bonney was
tried and convicted of the murder of Brady, and was sentenced to
hang in May of that year. He escaped from jail again on April 28,
1881, killing two sheriff's deputies in the process and evading
capture for more than two months. Garrett shot and killed Bonney
less than three months later. During the following decades,
legends that Bonney had survived that night grew, and a number of
men claimed to be him. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today, July 14, 2026
( #JCKaelin: Completely original research
by me, y'all :D ) ========= July 14, 1881: Unidentified Flying
Objects (UFOs, Unidentified Anomalous Phenomenon, UAPs): UFO
Incidents (Unidentified Flying Object Incidents): The Roswell
Incident (The Roswell UFO Incident): Billy The Kid's Odd
Connection To The Roswell UFO Incident: -- American Old Wild West
outlaw gunfighter Billy The Kid is shot and killed by Pat Garrett
outside Fort Sumner. After Sheriff Pat Garrett had captured Billy
The Kid, known then by the alias William H. Bonney (real name:
Henry McCarty) in December 1880 at Stinking Springs, New Mexico on
an arrest warrant fo murder, Bonney was tried and convicted of the
murder of Lincoln County Sheriff William J. Brady in April 1881,
and was sentenced to hang in May of that year. He escaped from
jail on April 28, 1881, killing two sheriff's deputies in the
process and evading capture for more than two months. Garrett shot
and killed Bonney - aged 21 - in Fort Sumner on July 14, 1881. On
February 29 (the oddest day of the year), 1908, Garrett himself
was shot dead during a wagon trip in New Mexico. Jesse Wayne
Brazel, with whom Garret's son Dudley had a contentious land
lease, told Deputy Sheriff Felipe Lucero "Lock me up. I've
just killed Pat Garrett!" Brazel then pointed to Garrett's
companion on the wagon trip, Carl Adamson, and said, "He saw
the whole thing and knows that I shot in self-defense."
Brazel's trial for Garrett's murder concluded on May 4, 1909.
Brazel was represented at his trial by attorney and future
Secretary of the Interior Albert Bacon Fall. The only eyewitness
to Garrett's murder, Adamson, never appeared at the trial, which
lasted only one day and ended with an acquittal. Despite his
confession, and subsequent trial, debate continues over who
actually pulled the trigger. A couple years after the killing,
Brazel married and acquired a small ranch just west of the nearby
small city of Lordsburg. In his late thirties when his wife died
in 1913, he sold the property and disappeared from public record.
The period and circumstances of his death remain unconfirmed, but
word of mouth has indicated that it may have been two years later.
A little over thirty years later, in early July 1947, his nephew
William "Mac" Brazel gained certain fame in the
so-called Roswell UFO incident when he allegedly found strange
debris on his ranch some 70 miles northwest of Roswell, sparking
the claim that a flying saucer crashed on the ranch where Brazel
was foreman. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today, July 14, 2026
July 14, 1918: #BOTD: #HBD! Ingmar
Bergman, Swedish director, producer, and screenwriter (d. July 30,
2007) is #born Ernst Ingmar Bergman in Uppsala, Sweden. He was a
Swedish director, writer, and producer who worked in film,
television, theatre and radio. He is recognized as one of the most
accomplished and influential auteurs of all time, and is most
famous for films such as The Seventh Seal (1957), Wild
Strawberries (1957), Persona (1966), Cries and Whispers (1972) and
Fanny and Alexander (1982). Also well-regarded are works such as
Winter Light (1963), The Silence (1963), and Scenes from a
Marriage (1973). Ingmar Bergman in his sleep at age 89; his body
was found at his home on the Baltic Sea island of Faro off
mainland Sweden's southeastern coast. He is buried at Faro
Cemetery. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today, July 14, 2026
July 14, 1894: #BOTD: #HBD! Dave
Fleischer, American animator, director, and producer, best known
as a co-owner of Fleischer Studios with his older brother Max
Fleischer (d. June 25, 1979) is #born the youngest of the five
brothers of a Jewish family in Brownsville, Brooklyn, a poor
Jewish neighbourhood, where he grew up. Fleischer Studios was an
American corporation which originated as an animation studio
located at 1600 Broadway, New York City, New York. It was founded
in 1921 as Inkwell Studios by brothers Max Fleischer and Dave
Fleischer who ran the pioneering company from its inception until
Paramount Pictures, the studio's parent company and the
distributor of its films, acquired ownership. In its prime,
Fleischer Studios was a premier producer of animated cartoons for
theaters, with Walt Disney Productions's becoming its chief
competitor in the 1930s. Fleischer Studios is notable for Koko the
Clown, Betty Boop, Bimbo, Popeye the Sailor, and Superman. Unlike
other studios, whose characters were anthropomorphic animals, the
Fleischers' most successful characters were humans (With the
exception of Bimbo in the 1930s.). The cartoons of the Fleischer
Studio were very different from the Disney product, both in
concept and in execution. As a result, the Fleischer cartoons were
rough rather than refined, commercial rather than consciously
artistic. But in their unique way, their artistry was expressed
through a culmination of the arts and sciences. This approach
focused on surrealism, dark humor, adult psychological elements,
and sexuality, and the environments were grittier and urban, often
set in squalid surroundings, reflecting the Depression as well as
German Expressionism. Dave Fleischer died of a stroke at his
Peyton Hall apartment complex home on Hollywood Boulevard in
Hollywood, Los Angeles, California, three weeks before his 85th
birthday. He is buried at Mount Sinai Memorial Park Cemetery in
Hollywood Hills, California. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today, July 14, 2026
July 14, 1910: #BOTD: #HBD! William
Hanna, American animator, cartoonist, director, producer, and
voice actor, creator of Tom and Jerry as well as the voice actor
for the two title characters, co-founder along with Joseph Barbera
of the animation studio and production company Hanna-Barbera (d.
March 22, 2001) is #born William Denby Hanna, in Melrose, New
Mexico Territory. Hanna joined the Harman and Ising animation
studio in 1930 and steadily gained skill and prominence while
working on cartoons such as Captain and the Kids. In 1937, while
working at Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), Hanna met Joseph Barbera. In
1957, they co-founded Hanna-Barbera, which became the most
successful television animation studio in the business, creating
or producing programs such as The Flintstones, The Huckleberry
Hound Show, The Jetsons, Scooby-Doo, The Smurfs, and Yogi Bear. In
1967, Hanna-Barbera was sold to Taft Broadcasting for 12M USD, but
Hanna and Barbera remained heads of the company until 1991. At
that time, the studio was sold to Turner Broadcasting System,
which in turn was merged with Time Warner in 1996; Hanna and
Barbera stayed on as advisors. Tom and Jerry won seven Academy
Awards, while Hanna and Barbera were nominated for two others and
won eight Emmy Awards. Their cartoons have become cultural icons,
and their cartoon characters have appeared in other media such as
films, books, and toys. Hanna-Barbera's shows had a worldwide
audience of over 300 million people in their 1960s heyday, and
have been translated into more than 28 languages. William Hanna
died of esophageal cancer at his home in North Hollywood, Los
Angeles, California at the age of 90. After his death, Cartoon
Network aired a 20-second segment with black dots tracing Hanna's
portrait with the words "We'll miss you - Cartoon Network"
fading in on the right-hand side. This same type of tribute
happened for Chuck Jones in 2002 and Hanna's partner, Joseph
Barbera in 2006, when each of them died. However, Barbera, unlike
the other two, had an audio clip of his voice playing in his
Cartoon Network promotional tribute. Hanna is buried at Ascension
Cemetery in Lake Forest, California. On Sale Until Midnight
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Today, July 14, 2026
#OTD #TDIH #July14, 1906: #BOTD: #HBD!
Tom Carvel, Greek-American businessman and entrepreneur, known for
the invention and promotion of soft ice cream in the northeastern
United States, founder of the Carvel brand and franchise (d.
October 21, 1990) is #born Athanasios Karvelas. Carvel began
selling ice cream out of his truck in 1929 in Hartsdale, New York.
On Memorial Day weekend in 1934, his truck had a flat tire, so he
pulled into a parking lot next to a pottery store and began
selling his melting ice cream to vacationers who were driving by.
The owner of the store allowed Carvel to use electricity from his
store, so he opened his parked truck for ice cream sales. Within
two days he had sold his entire supply of ice cream and concluded
that he could increase his profits by working from a fixed
location. In 1936, Carvel purchased the pottery store and
converted it into a roadside ice cream stand; this permanently
established Carvel as the first retailer to develop and market
soft ice cream. The same year, he established the Carvel Brand
Corporation and developed a secret soft-serve ice cream formula.
Carvel also developed new refrigeration machines and sold his
designs. After World War II, he began to franchise his ice cream
stores. Carvel was featured in his own advertisements as the
company believed that his gravelly voice and personal charm were
important factors in the success of his business. The Carvel
company specialized in ice cream cakes, often in the shapes of
animals. Two of the most popular ice cream novelties introduced by
his business were "Fudgie The Whale" and "Cookie
Puss". Carvel died in Pine Plains, Dutchess County, New York,
in 1990 and is buried with his wife Agnes in Ferncliff Cemetery in
Hartsdale, New York, which is only a couple of miles away from the
spot where he began selling ice cream in 1929. In October 2009,
Carvel's niece Pamela Carvel filed court papers to have Carvel's
body exhumed and an autopsy performed, stating she suspected he
was drugged or suffocated by employees whom Carvel suspected of
embezzlement. Her petition was denied, and she later became a
fugitive from justice in a personal bankruptcy case. She had been
vying for control of his 67-million-dollar estate. #TomCarvel
#GreekAmericans #Businessmen #Entrepreneurs #Inventors #Carvel
#SoftIceCream #Hartsdale #HartsdaleNY #FudgieTheWhale #CookiePuss
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Today, July 14, 2026
July 14, 1798: The United States: The
History Of The United States: The Alien And Sedition Acts: The
Sedition Act Of 1798: -- It becomes a federal crime to write,
publish, or utter false or malicious statements about the United
States government in the United States as The Sedition Act becomes
law. The Alien And Sedition Acts were four bills passed by the
Federalist-dominated 5th United States Congress and signed into
law by President John Adams in 1798. They made it harder for an
immigrant to become a citizen (Naturalization Act), allowed the
president to imprison and deport non-citizens who were deemed
dangerous (Alien Friends Act of 1798) or who were from a hostile
nation (Alien Enemy Act of 1798), and criminalized making false
statements that were critical of the federal government (Sedition
Act of 1798). The Federalists argued that the bills strengthened
national security during an undeclared naval war with France
(1798-1800). Critics argued that they were primarily an attempt to
suppress voters who disagreed with the Federalist party and its
teachings, and violated the right of freedom of speech in the
First Amendment. Three of the acts were repealed after the
Democratic-Republican party of Thomas Jefferson came to power. But
the Alien Enemies Act remained in effect, was revised and codified
in 1918 for use in World War I. It was used by the government to
identify and imprison dangerous enemy aliens from Germany, Japan,
and Italy in World War II. (This was separate from the Japanese
internment camps used to remove people of Japanese descent from
the West Coast.) After the war they were deported to their home
countries. In 1948 the Supreme Court determined that presidential
powers under the acts continued after cessation of hostilities
until there was a peace treaty with the hostile nation. The
controversial Sedition Act restricted speech that was critical of
the federal government. Under the Sedition Act, the Federalists
allowed people who were accused of violating the sedition laws to
use truth as a defense. The Sedition Act resulted in the
prosecution and conviction of many Jeffersonian newspaper owners
who disagreed with the government. The acts were denounced by
Democratic-Republicans and ultimately helped them to victory in
the 1800 election, when Thomas Jefferson defeated the incumbent,
President Adams. The Sedition Act and the Alien Friends Act were
allowed to expire in 1800 and 1801, respectively. The revisex
Alien Enemies Act, however, remains in effect as Chapter 3;
Sections 21-24 of Title 50 of the United States Code. On Sale
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Today, July 14, 2026
July 14, 1950: Korea: The History Of
Korea: The Aftermath Of World War II: The Cold War: The Korean
Conflict: The Korean War: The Battle Of Taejon: -- North Korean
troops initiate The Battle Of Taejon (July 14-21. 1950), an early
battle of the Korean War, between American and North Korean
forces. Forces of the United States Army attempted to defend the
headquarters of the 24th Infantry Division. The 24th Infantry
Division was overwhelmed by numerically superior forces of the
Korean People's Army (KPA) at the major city and transportation
hub of Taejon (Daejeon), South Korea's fifth-largest metropolis.
The 24th Infantry Division's regiments were already exhausted from
the previous two weeks of delaying actions to stem the advance of
the KPA. The entire 24th Division gathered to make a final stand
around Taejon, holding a line along the Kum River to the east of
the city. Hampered by a lack of communication and equipment, and a
shortage of heavy weapons to match the KPA's firepower, the
outnumbered, ill-equipped and untrained American forces were
pushed back from the riverbank after several days before fighting
an intense urban battle to defend the city. After a fierce
three-day struggle, the Americans withdrew. Although they could
not hold the city, the 24th Infantry Division achieved a strategic
victory by delaying the North Koreans, providing time for other
American divisions to establish a defensive perimeter around Pusan
further south. The delay imposed at Taejon probably prevented an
American rout during the subsequent Battle of Pusan Perimeter.
During the action, the KPA captured Major General William F. Dean,
the commander of the 24th Infantry Division, who received the
Medal Of Honor for his actions on July 20 and 21, 1950, during the
Battle Of Taejon, and was the highest ranking American prisoner
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Today, July 14, 2026
July 14, 1913: #BOTD: #HBD! Gerald Ford,
American commander, lawyer, and politician, 40th Vice President of
the United States (1973-1974), 38th President of the United States
from 1974 to 1977 (d. December 26, 2006) is #born Leslie Lynch
King Jr. at 3202 Woolworth Avenue in Omaha, Nebraska, where his
parents lived with his paternal grandparents. Gerald Rudolph Ford
Jr. was the only president never to have been elected to the
office of president or vice president as well as the only
president to date from Michigan. He previously served as the
leader of the Republican Party in the House of Representatives,
and was appointed to be the 40th vice president in 1973. When
President Richard Nixon resigned in 1974, Ford succeeded to the
presidency, but was defeated for election to a full term in 1976.
Born in Omaha, Nebraska, and raised in Grand Rapids, Michigan,
Ford attended the University of Michigan, where he was a member of
the school's football team, winning two national championships.
Following his senior year, he turned down offers from the Detroit
Lions and Green Bay Packers, instead opting to go to Yale Law
School. After the attack on Pearl Harbor, he enlisted in the U.S.
Naval Reserve, serving from 1942 to 1946; he left as a lieutenant
commander. Ford began his political career in 1949 as the U.S.
representative from Michigan's 5th congressional district. He
served in this capacity for nearly 25 years, the final nine of
them as the House minority leader. In December 1973, two months
after the resignation of Spiro Agnew, Ford became the first person
appointed to the vice presidency under the terms of the 25th
Amendment. After the subsequent resignation of President Nixon in
August 1974, Ford immediately assumed the presidency. As
president, Ford signed the Helsinki Accords, which marked a move
toward detente in the Cold War. With the collapse of South Vietnam
nine months into his presidency, US involvement in the Vietnam War
essentially ended. Domestically, Ford presided over the worst
economy in the four decades since the Great Depression, with
growing inflation and a recession during his tenure. In one of his
most controversial acts, he granted a presidential pardon to
Richard Nixon for his role in the Watergate scandal. During Ford's
presidency, foreign policy was characterized in procedural terms
by the increased role Congress began to play, and by the
corresponding curb on the powers of the president. In the 1976
Republican presidential primary campaign, Ford defeated former
California Governor Ronald Reagan for the Republican nomination,
but narrowly lost the presidential election to the Democratic
challenger, former Georgia Governor Jimmy Carter. Surveys of
historians and political scientists have ranked Ford as a
below-average president. Following his years as president, Ford
remained active in the Republican Party. His moderate views on
various social issues increasingly put him at odds with
conservative members of the party in the 1990s and early 2000s. In
retirement, Ford set aside the enmity he had felt towards Carter
following the 1976 election, and the two former presidents
developed a close friendship. Gerald Ford died at his home in
Rancho Mirage, California of arteriosclerotic cerebrovascular
disease and diffuse arteriosclerosis, aged 93. He is buried at The
Gerald R Ford Museum in Grand Rapids, Michigan. At the time of his
death, Ford was the longest-lived U.S. president, having lived 93
years and 165 days (45 days longer than Ronald Reagan, whose
record he surpassed). He was the last surviving member of the
Warren Commission. On December 30, 2006, Ford became the 11th U.S.
president to lie in state in the Rotunda of the U.S. Capitol. A
state funeral and memorial services were held at the National
Cathedral in Washington, D.C., on Tuesday, January 2, 2007. After
the service, Ford was interred at his Presidential Museum in Grand
Rapids, Michigan. Scouting was so important to Ford that his
family asked for Scouts to participate in his funeral. A few
selected Scouts served as ushers inside the National Cathedral.
About 400 Eagle Scouts were part of the funeral procession, where
they formed an honor guard as the casket went by in front of the
museum. Ford selected the song to be played during his funeral
procession at the U.S. Capitol. After his death in December 2006,
the University of Michigan Marching Band played the school's fight
song for him one final time, for his last ride from the Gerald R.
Ford Airport in Grand Rapids, Michigan. The State of Michigan
commissioned and submitted a statue of Ford to the National
Statuary Hall Collection, replacing Zachariah Chandler. It was
unveiled on May 3, 2011, in the Capitol Rotunda. On the proper
right side is inscribed a quotation from a tribute by Tip O'Neill,
Speaker of the House at the end of Ford's presidency: "God
has been good to America, especially during difficult times. At
the time of the Civil War, he gave us Abraham Lincoln. And at the
time of Watergate, he gave us Gerald Ford - the right man at the
right time who was able to put our nation back together again."
On the proper left side are words from Ford's swearing-in address:
"Our constitution works. Our great republic is a government
of laws and not of men. Here the people rule." On Sale Until
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July 14, 1917: #BOTD: #HBD! Douglas
Edwards, American radio and television news anchor, newscaster and
correspondent who worked for the Columbia Broadcasting System
(CBS) for more than four decades (d. October 13, 1990) is #born in
Ada, Oklahoma. After six years on CBS Radio in the 1940s, Edwards
was among the first major broadcast journalists to move into the
rapidly expanding medium of television. He is also generally
recognized as the first presenter or "anchor" of a
nationally televised, regularly scheduled newscast by an American
network. Edwards presented news on CBS television every weeknight
for 15 years, from March 20, 1947 until April 16, 1962. Initially
aired as a 15-minute program under the title CBS Television News,
the broadcast evolved into the CBS Evening News and in 1963
expanded to a 30-minute format under Walter Cronkite, who
succeeded Edwards as anchor of the newscast. Although Edwards left
the evening news in 1962, he continued to work for CBS for another
quarter of a century, presenting news reports on both radio and
daytime television, and editing news features, until his
retirement from the network in 1988. Douglas Edwards died of
bladder cancer at his home in Sarasota, Florida, aged 73.
Following a memorial service at the Church of the Palms in
Sarasota, Edwards's body was cremated, and his ashes scattered,
along with those of his wife, near the Golden Gate Bridge, San
Francisco, California. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today, July 14, 2026
July 14, 1927: #BOTD: #HBD! John
Chancellor, American journalist who spent most of his career with
NBC News, serving as anchor of the NBC Nightly News from 1970 to
1982 and went on to do editorials and commentaries for NBC Nightly
News with Tom Brokaw until 1993, a pioneer in television news (d.
July 12, 1996) is #born John William Chancellor in Chicago,
Illinois. At the 1964 Republican National Convention, he was
arrested for refusing to cede his spot on the floor to "Goldwater
Girls," supporters of the Republican presidential candidate,
Barry Goldwater. When security came to get him, he was forced to
sign off: "I've been promised bail, ladies and gentlemen, by
my office. This is John Chancellor, somewhere in custody." He
then became the director of the Voice Of America in 1965, at the
request of President Lyndon Johnson, a spot he held until 1967.
However, he returned to NBC in 1968 as senior correspondent on the
Huntley-Brinkley Report and, two years later, became an anchor on
the NBC Nightly News, a spot he held from 1970 to 1982; this job
became the defining point of his career. Chancellor has the
distinction of creating the idea of using colors to represent the
states won by presidential candidates in presidential elections.
For the 1976 presidential election Chancellor suggested to his
network's engineers that they create a large electronic map of the
United States and place it in the network's election-night news
studio. If Jimmy Carter, the Democratic candidate, won a state it
would light up in red; if Gerald Ford, the Republican candidate,
carried a state it would light up in blue. Chancellor, when asked
about the color scheme, sought to tie the British Labour's red to
the American Democrats while British Conservatives used blue as
their ribbon color. By 2000, all the traditional broadcast
networks had adopted the present model, though with the colors
switched; red for Republicans (as both begin with the same
letter), and blue for Democrats. After his retirement, Chancellor
moved to Princeton, New Jersey, where he died of stomach cancer
two days before his 69th birthday. His remains were cremated at
Ewing Crematory, Ewing Township, New Jersey, and the ashes given
to his widow Barbara Upshaw. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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Today, July 14, 2026
July 14, 1917: #BOTD: Nur Muhammad
Taraki, Afghan author who wrote novels and short stories in the
socialist realism style, communist statesman during the Cold War
who served as President of Afghanistan from 1978 to 1979 (d.
October 8, 1979) is #born in Nawa, Ghazni Province, Afghanisatan.
He graduated from Kabul University, after which he started his
political career as a journalist. He later became one of the
founding members of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan
(PDPA) and was elected as the party's general secretary at its
first congress. He ran as a candidate in the 1965 Afghan
parliamentary election but failed to win a seat. In 1966 he
published the first issue of Khalq, a party newspaper, but the
government closed it down shortly afterward. Taraki led the Khalq
wing of the PDPA. In 1978 he, Hafizullah Amin and Babrak Karmal
initiated the Saur Revolution and established the Democratic
Republic of Afghanistan. Taraki's presidency was short-lived and
marked by controversies. The government was divided between two
PDPA factions: the Khalqists (led by Taraki), the majority, and
the Parchamites, the minority. He started a purge of the
government and party that led to several high-ranking Parchamite
members being sent into de facto exile by being assigned to serve
overseas as ambassadors. Taraki launched a land reform program on
January 1, 1979 that proved highly unpopular. His regime also
brutally locked up dissidents and oversaw massacres of villagers.
These factors, among others, led to a popular backlash that
initiated a rebellion. Despite repeated attempts, Taraki was
unable to persuade the Soviet Union to intervene in support of the
restoration of civil order. Taraki's reign was marked by a
dictator-like cult of personality centered around him that
Hafizullah Amin had cultivated. The state press and subsequent
propaganda started to refer to him as the "Great Leader"
and "Great Teacher". However, his relationship with Amin
turned sour during his rule, ultimately resulting in Taraki's
overthrow on September 14 1979 and murder in Kabul, Afghanistan
upon the order of his political protoge Hafizullah Amin, who
became the new president, is murdered under Amin's orders, aged
62. He is buried at Qul e Abchakan Cemetery in Kabul. His death
was a factor that led to the Soviet intervention in Afghanisation
in December 1979. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
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July 14, 1919: #BOTD: #HBD! The Trenier
Twins, African American identical twins Clifton L. "Cliff"
Trenier (July 14, 1919 - March 2, 1983) and Claude Oliver Trenier
(July 14, 1919 - November 17, 2003), founders of the American R &
B, jump blues, swing and early rock and roll band The Treniers,
are #born in Mobile, Alabama. Originally billed as The Trenier
Twins, The Treniers (pronounced TREY-niers) were an American R &
B, jump blues and rock and roll group led by identical twins Cliff
and Claude Trenier. They who performed alongside the Gene Gilbeaux
Quartet, but shortened their name to The Treniers when Gilbeaux
and other musicians became integral members of the group. Besides
the Trenier brothers, group members included Don Hill on
saxophone, Shifty Henry and later James (Jimmy) Johnson on bass,
Henry (Tucker) Green on drums and Gene Gilbeaux on piano. Later,
additional Trenier brothers Milt and Buddy, and nephew Skip,
joined the group on vocals, and there were many other musician and
line-up changes over the years including Herman Washington and
Mickey Baker on guitar. The band was based around twins Cliff and
Claude Trenier, who formed the Alabama State Collegians when in
college together in 1939. In 1943, Claude Trenier left to join
Jimmie Lunceford's band as lead singer, and Cliff joined him the
following year. The twins left the Lunceford band in 1947 and
began performing together as the Trenier Twins, backed by the Gene
Gilbeaux Quartet which included Gene Gilbeaux on piano and Don
Hill on alto sax. They made their first recordings for Mercury
Records in 1947, and developed a strong reputation for their live
performances. In 1949, they were joined by older brother Buddy
Trenier (December 11, 1913 - March 15, 1999), and started to be
billed as "The Rockin' Rollin' Treniers". They played a
form of music intermediate between swing and early rock and roll.
Though their sound is more swing influenced, the Treniers
incorporated a thumping backbeat and several songs that included
the words "rock" and "roll" - "Rocking on
Sunday Night" and "It Rocks! It Rolls! It Swings!",
for example, and in the 1940s were already playing "Rockin'
Is Our Bizness," which was inspired by Jimmie Lunceford's
"Rhythm Is Our Business" from the 1930s. They were also
known for the humorous content of many of their songs, and their
on stage acrobatics were seen as precursors to the wild antics of
many later rock and roll groups. Their lively stage presentation
influenced Bill Haley and Comets, The Shadows in the UK in 1959,
Paul Revere and Raiders, and beyond. They had their only national
chart hit in 1951, when "Go! Go! Go!" reached #10 on the
R & B chart, but several of their other records including "It
Rocks! It Rolls! It Swings!" (1952) and "Rockin' Is Our
Bizness" (1953) "anticipated some crucial elements of
rock n roll with their solid, thumping beats, their squealing sax
solos." In the 1950s, they moved closer towards an R & B
influenced sound, but were unable to weather the influx of rock
and roll. Nonetheless the group was considered a strong influence
on bands such as their contemporaries Bill Haley and His Comets,
and they were one of the first to record Haley's "Rock-a-Beatin'
Boogie". Claude Trenier would later claim in an interview in
Blue Suede News magazine that his group was responsible for Haley
deciding to record rock and roll; this account is disputed. One of
the first times rock and roll appeared on national television was
in May 1954 when the Treniers appeared on the Colgate Comedy Hour,
hosted by Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis. During the playing of their
songs, Martin and Lewis participated in the antics, and when the
drummer got up and stepped aside, Jerry Lewis sat down and played
drums for one song. The group appeared in several films in the
1950s including The Girl Can't Help It and Don't Knock the Rock
(which also featured Haley), and continued to perform as recently
as 2003. In 1955, the group released the song "Say Hey (The
Willie Mays Song)" about Giants center fielder, Willie Mays,
which included some dialogue by the Hall-of-Famer himself. The
song is included on the soundtrack to Ken Burns 1994 documentary
Baseball. In 2013, surviving member Milt Trenier performed
semi-weekly at Chicago area restaurants. Cliff Trenier died aged
63; his death and burial details are not publicly available.
Claude Trenier died on a Monday of cancer at Nathan Adelson
Hospice in Las Vega, Nevada, aged 84. He is buried at Holy Cross
Cemetery in Culver City, California. On Sale Until Midnight
Tonight PT!
https://store.earthstation1.com/armed-forces-radio-presents-jubilee-otr-jazz-music-mp3-dv3.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
Color Us Black! The 1968 Howard University Protest MP4 Download
DVD
Today, July 14, 2026
July 14, 1941: #BOTD: Maulana Karenga,
previously known as Ron Karenga, African American philosopher,
author, activist, black nationalist, convicted felon and professor
of African studies, best known as the creator of the pan-African
and African American holiday of Kwanzaa, is #born Ronald McKinley
Everett in Parsonsburg, Maryland, the 14th child and seventh son
in a family whose father was a tenant farmer and Baptist minister
who employed the family to work fields under an effective
sharecropping arrangement. Karenga studied at Los Angeles City
College and the University of California, Los Angeles. He was
active in the Black Power movement of the 1960s, joining the
Congress Of Racial Equality and Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Committee. In 1965, Karenga and Hakim Jamal co-founded the black
nationalist group US Organization, which became involved in
violent clashes with the Black Panther Party by 1969. In 1971, he
was convicted of felony assault, torture, and false imprisonment
of women. He denied involvement and claimed the prosecution was
political in nature. Karenga was imprisoned in California Men's
Colony until he received parole in 1975. In 1966, Karenga notably
created Kwanzaa, modeling the holiday after the African "first
fruit" traditions. The rituals of the holiday promote African
traditions, including the "seven principles of African
heritage". During the early years of Kwanzaa, Karenga said it
was meant to be a black alternative to Christmas. Karenga, a
secular humanist, challenged the sanity of Jesus and declared
Christianity a "White religion" that black people should
shun. However, Karenga later changed his opinion, stating that
Kwanzaa was not meant to provide people with an alternative to
"their own religion or religious holiday." Karenga has
been awarded two doctorates, one in Political Science in 1976 and
one in Social Ethics in 1994. He currently chairs the Africana
Studies Department at California State University, Long Beach and
has authored several books. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
https://store.earthstation1.com/color-us-black-the-1968-howard-university-protest-mp4-downloa19684.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
Ratlines WWII Escape Routes For Fascist War Criminals MP4 Download
DVD
Today, July 14, 2026
July 14, 1889: #BOTD: Ante Pavelic,
Croatian fascist dictator during World War II, leader of the
genocide of Eastern Orthodox Catholics, Serbians and Jews, who
founded and headed the fascist ultranationalist organization known
as the Ustase in 1929 and was dictator of the Independent State of
Croatia (NDH), a fascist puppet state built out of parts of
occupied Yugoslavia by the authorities of Nazi Germany and Fascist
Italy, from 1941 to 1945 (d. December 28, 1959) is #born in the
Herzegovinian village of Bradina on the slopes of Ivan Mountain
north of Konjic, roughly 15 kilometres (9.3 miles) southwest of
Hadzici, then part of the Ottoman Empire and occupied by
Austrian-Hungarian Empire. Pavelic and the Ustase persecuted many
racial minorities and political opponents in the NDH during the
war, including Serbs, Jews, Romani, and anti-fascists, becoming
one of the key figures of the genocide of Serbs, the Porajmos and
the Holocaust in the NDH. At the start of his career, Pavelic was
a lawyer and a politician of the Croatian Party of Rights in the
Kingdom of Yugoslavia known for his nationalist beliefs and
support for an independent Croatia. By the end of the 1920s, his
political activity became more radical as he called on Croats to
revolt against Yugoslavia, and schemed an Italian protectorate of
Croatia separate from Yugoslavia. After King Alexander I declared
his 6 January Dictatorship in 1929 and banned all political
parties, Pavelic went abroad and plotted with the Internal
Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) to undermine the
Yugoslav state, which prompted the Yugoslav authorities to try him
in absentia and sentence him to death. In the meantime, Pavelic
had moved to Fascist Italy where he founded the Ustase, a Croatian
nationalist movement with the goal of creating an independent
Croatia by any means, including the use of terror. Pavelic
incorporated terrorist actions in the Ustase program, such as
train bombings and assassinations, staged a small uprising in Lika
in 1932, culminating in the assassination of King Alexander in
1934 in conjunction with the IMRO. Pavelic was once again
sentenced to death after being tried in France in absentia and,
under international pressure, the Italians imprisoned him for 18
months, and largely obstructed the Ustase in the following period.
At the behest of the Germans, senior Ustasa Slavko Kvaternik
declared the NDH's establishment on 10 April 1941 in the name of
Pavelic. Calling himself the Poglavnik, or supreme leader, Pavelic
returned from Italy and took control of the puppet government. He
created a political system similar to that of Fascist Italy and
Nazi Germany. The NDH, though constituting a Greater Croatia, was
forced by the Italians to relinquish several territorial
concessions to the latter. After taking control, Pavelic imposed
largely anti-Serbian and antisemitic policies that resulted in the
deaths of over 100,000 Serbs and Jews in concentration and
extermination camps in the NDH, murdering and torturing several
hundred thousand Serbs, along with tens of thousands of Roma and
Jews. These persecutions and killings have been described as the
"single most disastrous episode in Yugoslav history". In
1945, Pavelic ordered the executions of prominent NDH politicians
Mladen Lorkovic and Ante Vokic on charges of treason when they
were arrested for plotting to oust him and align the NDH with the
Allies. Following the surrender of Germany that May, Pavelic
ordered his troops to keep fighting even after the surrender. He
subsequently ordered the NDH to flee to Austria to surrender their
armed forces to the advancing British Army, which refused and
directed them to surrender to the Partisans. Sparked by attacks on
their position, the Partisans began carrying out killings of the
Ustase. Pavelic fled to Austria before obtaining a false passport
from the Vatican and escaping to Argentina, where he continued to
engage in fascist activities. He later served as a security
advisor to President of Argentina Juan Peron, who provided
sanctuary for many fascist war criminals. On April 10, 1957, a
Serbian hotel owner attempted to kill Pavelic by shooting him. The
resulting injuries eventually led to his death two and a half
years later aged 70 after spending those years in Francoist Spain.
He is buried in San Isidro Cemetery in Madrid, Spain, the city's
oldest private burial ground. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
https://store.earthstation1.com/ratlines-wwii-escape-routes-for-fascist-war-criminals-mp4-download-dvd.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com 15% (Or More!) Off Commemorative Memorial Title:
Vidal in Venice - Gore Vidal's TV Venetian History DVD, Download,
USB
Today, July 14, 2026
July 14, 1902: Aesthetics: Architecture:
Italian Architecture: Venetian Architecture: Bell Towers: St
Mark's Campanile: (Italian: Campanile Di San Marco, "The Bell
Tower Of Saint Mark's"; Venetian: Canpaniel de San Marco): --
The bell tower of St Mark's Basilica in St Mark's Square, Venice,
Italy collapses at 9:47 AM, also demolishing the Loggetta del
Sansovino, the small, richly decorated building at the base of the
tower. The Campanile was in the midst of of restorations, but the
original structure proved so weak as to not be able to continue to
stand while repairs were being made. The current Campanile is a
reconstruction completed in 1912. At 98.6 metres (323 ft) in
height, it is the tallest structure in Venice, and is colloquially
termed "el paron de casa" (the master of the house). It
is one of the most recognizable symbols of the city. Located in
Saint Mark's Square near the mouth of the Grand Canal, the
Campanile was initially intended as a watchtower to sight
approaching ships and protect the entry to the city. It also
served as a landmark to guide Venetian ships safely into harbour.
Construction began in the early tenth century and continued
sporadically over time as the tower was slowly raised in height. A
belfry and a spire were first added in the twelfth century. In the
fourteenth century the spire was gilded, making the tower visible
to distant ships in the Adriatic. The Campanile reached its full
height in 1514 when the belfry and spire were completely rebuilt
on the basis of an earlier Renaissance design by Giorgio Spavento.
Historically, the bells served to regulate the civic and religious
life of Venice, marking the beginning, pauses, and end of the work
day; the convocation of government assemblies; and public
executions. The Campanile stands alone in the square, near the
front of St Mark's Basilica. It has a simple form, recalling its
early defensive function, the bulk of which is a square brick
shaft with lesenes, 12 metres (39 ft) wide on each side and 50
metres (160 ft) tall. The belfry is topped by an attic with
effigies of the Lion of St Mark and allegorical figures of Venice
as Justice. The tower is capped by a pyramidal spire at the top of
which there is a golden weather vane in the form of the archangel
Gabriel. On Sale Until Midnight Tonight PT!
https://store.earthstation1.com/vidal-in-venice-dvd-gore-vidal-venetian-history-2-part-tv-serie2.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Archival Cartoon Classics #1 Follow The Bouncing Ball MP4 Download
DVD
Today, July 14, 2026
July 14: Barn Day: -- Today we pay homage
to the heart of every farm. Sometimes built even before the main
house, they are historically the center of the farm, usually
accommodating animals, grain, hay, and equipment. In fact, the
word 'barn' originates from the Old English word for 'bere,' or
barely, and 'aem,' which means storage space. The practice of
building barns did not originate in the U.S. Settlers from Europe
who worked the land brought ideas from their home country, which
influenced the type of barns that were being built at the time.
Many modern barns took inspiration from the three-aisled medieval
barns, also called monastic barns. The familiar English barn
design was popular throughout North America. Later on, different
barn designs were developed according to the changing needs of the
farmers. Whatever the design, barn raising was always an integral
part of farm culture. Barns protect the farmers' livelihood, and
building one wasn't easy considering their size. Neighbors came
together to help build barns for their community. Women and
children would prepare food and bring tools to the men who were
working on the barn. A crew would construct a recognizable barn
within a day's work as well as build friendships along the way.
Once the barn raising was done, people would gather for a barn
dance. These social events brought people of all ages together to
celebrate harvests, weddings, and holidays. The tradition of
dancing to lively music and enjoying a home-cooked meal is still
practiced today, though more likely within a large indoor building
space than a traditional barn. Despite its initial builders being
foreign in origin, barns have grown to be closely associated with
American culture as cowboys and apple pie. If they can be
maintained or reimagined for other uses, they will continue to be
appreciated by future generations.
https://store.earthstation1.com/archival-cartoon-classics-1-follow-the-bouncing-ball-mp4-download-d14.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Fall Of
The Great Society & The Silent Majority: LBJ & Nixon MP4
DVD
Today, July 14, 2026July 14: Pandemonium Day: -- A day of
bedlam and chaos! Often, our normal lives take a 180dg turn for
the worse with unpredictable disruption and chaos. But, today, we
revel in the craziness of life and adopt a different perspective
on the upheavals of life. In the words of Lauren Oliver, "People
themselves are full of tunnels: winding, dark spaces and caverns;
impossible to know all the places inside of them. Impossible even
to imagine." The word 'pandemonium' first appeared in the
17th century, in author John Milton's epic poem "Paradise
Lost," which retells the biblical story of Adam and Eve and
their temptation by Satan. It's a hybrid of the Greek word 'pan,'
which means 'all,' and the Latin word 'daemonium,' which means
'demon.' In Paradise Lost, Pandemonium is the capital of Hell,
where all the demons live. These days, however, it doesn't have
such scary connotations - pandemonium stands for all things
chaotic, disorganized, and unpredictable. If you feel like you're
stuck in a rut and your life is too orderly, scheduled, boring,
and predictable, this is a great day for you to throw the rule
book out the window! Let's be honest; we've all had the thought,
"There's something I'd really like to do, but it just seems
too crazy for me." The great thing about Pandemonium Day is
it tells us to go ahead and do it anyway. So nix the itinerary,
cancel your appointments, rid yourself of expectations and read on
for the best ways to get wild and celebrate Pandemonium Day. Keep
in mind that even though it is alright to go crazy and wild on
Pandemonium Day, it shouldn't cross boundaries. You can bend laws,
as long as it doesn't mess up someone else's life. The point is to
not allow others to dictate how you are going to celebrate YOUR
uniqueness.
https://store.earthstation1.com/fall-of-the-great-society-amp-the-silent-majority-lbj-amp-nixon-mp4-dv4.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title:
Propaganda Posters JPG Photo + MPG Video DVD-ROM Download
Today, July 14, 2026July 14, 1939: #DOTD: #RIP: Alphonse
Mucha, internationally renowned Czech painter, illustrator,
graphic artist and Freemason, living in Paris during the Art
Nouveau period, widely known for his distinctly stylized and
decorative theatrical posters, particularly those of Sarah
Bernhardt (b. July 24, 1860) #dies of pneumonia in Prague,
Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia, 10 days short of his 79th
birthday and over a month before the outbreak of the Second World
War. Mucha's role as a Slav nationalist and Freemason made him a
prime target of the Nazis, who on March 15, 1939, by order of
Adolf Hitler, absorbed Czechoslovakia into German Reich as the
Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. Mucha was arrested by the
Nazis, interrogated for several days, and released. By then the
old man's health was broken, leading to his contracting pneumonia
and his death. Though public gatherings were banned, a huge crowd
attended his interment in the Slavin Monument of Vysehrad
cemetery, reserved for notable figures in Czech culture. Alphonse
Mucha was born Alfons Maria Mucha in in the small town of Ivancice
in the southern Moravian region of Margraviate of Moravia,
Austrian Empire (modern Czech republic). He produced
illustrations, advertisements, decorative panels, as well as
designs, which became among the best-known images of the period.
In the second part of his career, at the age of 57, he returned to
his homeland and devoted himself to a series of twenty monumental
symbolist canvases known as The Slav Epic, depicting the history
of all the Slavic peoples of the world, which he painted between
1912 and 1926. In 1928, on the 10th anniversary of the
independence of Czechoslovakia, he presented the series to the
Czech nation. He considered it his most important work.
https://store.earthstation1.com/propaganda-posters-cd-jpg-images.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: Adlai
Stevenson: The Man From Libertyville DVD, Download, USB Drive
Today, July 14, 2026July 14, 1965: #DOTD: #RIP: Adlai
Stevenson II, American lawyer, soldier, politician, and diplomat,
5th United States Ambassador to the United Nations (b. February 5,
1900) #dies of a massive heart attack in the afternoon while
walking in London with his aide and romantic partner Marietta Tree
to Grosvenor Square, and died later that day at age 65 of heart
failure at St George's Hospital. He is buried at Evergreen
Memorial Cemetery in Bloomington, Illinois. He was born Adlai
Ewing Stevenson II in Los Angeles, California, in a neighborhood
that is now designated as the North University Park Historic
District. His birthday is now annually commemorated as Adlai
Stevenson Day. Noted for his intellectual demeanor, eloquent
public speaking, and promotion of progressive causes in the
Democratic Party, Stevenson served in numerous positions in the
federal government during the 1930s and 1940s, including the
Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA), Federal Alcohol
Administration, United States Department of the Navy, and the
United States Department of State. He also served on the committee
that created the United Nations, and was a member of the initial
US delegations to the United Nations. He was the 31st Governor of
Illinois from 1949 to 1953, and received the Democratic Party's
nomination for president in the 1952 and 1956 elections. On
October 25, 1962, Stevenson displayed photos at a meeting of the
United Nations Security Council proving that Soviet missiles were
installed in Cuba. His remarks from that meeting to the Soviet
Ambassador to the UN have become emblematic of The Aftermath Of
World War II: The Cold War: "Do you, Ambassador Zorin, deny
that the U.S.S.R. has placed and is placing medium- and
intermediate-range missiles and sites in Cuba? Yes or no - dont
wait for the translation - yes or no"; when Zorin replied
that Stevenson would get his answer "in due course",
Steven riposted "I am prepared to wait for my answer until
hell freezes over, if thats your decision.".
https://store.earthstation1.com/adlai-stevenson-the-man-from-libertyville-dvd.html
Today's
EarthStation1.com #OnThisDay Commemorative Memorial Title: It's A
Joke Son! (1947) Kenny Delmar As Senator Claghorn DVD, MP4, USB
Today, July 14, 2026July 14, 1984: #DOTD: #RIP: Kenny Delmar,
American actor active in radio, films, and animation (b. September
5, 1910) #dies at St. Joseph's Hospital in Stamford, Connecticut
aged 73. He is buried at Long Ridge Union Cemetery in Stamford,
Connecticut. Kenneth Howard Delmar was born Kenneth Frederick Fay
Howard in Boston, Massachusetts. An announcer on the pioneering
radio news series The March of Time, he became a national radio
sensation in 1945 as Senator Beauregard Claghorn on the running
"Allen's Alley" sketch on The Fred Allen Show. The
character Delmar created was a primary inspiration for the Warner
Bros. cartoon character Foghorn Leghorn. Delmar moved to New York
City in infancy after the separation of his parents. His mother,
Evelyn Delmar, was a vaudevillian who toured the country with her
sister. Kenny Delmar was on the stage from age seven. His first
screen appearance was in the D. W. Griffith film Orphans of the
Storm (1921), in which he played the Joseph Schildkraut role as a
child. During the Depression he left the stage to work in his
stepfather's business. After running his own dancing school for a
year he married one of his ballet teachers, Alice Cochran, and
decided to try a career in radio. By the late 1930s, Delmar was an
announcer on such major radio series as The March of Time and Your
Hit Parade. He played multiple roles in The Mercury Theatre on the
Air's October 1938 radio drama The War Of The Worlds. His main
role was that of Captain Lansing, the National Guardsman who
collapses in terror when confronted by the Martian invaders,
although he also is noted for his address to the "citizens of
the nation" as the Secretary of the Interior, in which role
he spoke in a stentorian, declamatory style deliberately
reminiscent of then-President Franklin Roosevelt. Cavalcade of
America featured him in their repertory cast, and also was heard
as Commissioner Weston on early episodes of The Shadow. Delmar is
notable for creating the character Senator Beauregard Claghorn on
Fred Allen's radio program Allen's Alley, which he did while also
serving as the show's regular announcer. Senator Claghorn made his
radio debut October 7, 1945, and six months later was called
"unquestionably the most quoted man in the nation" by
Life magazine. The role inspired the Warner Bros. animated
character Foghorn Leghorn, first seen in the Oscar-nominated
cartoon Walky Talky Hawky (1946). The New York Times wrote:
"During the late 1940s, Mr. Delmar captivated 20 million
radio listeners every Sunday night with his burlesque of a
bombastic, super-chauvinistic legislator who drank only from Dixie
cups and refused to drive through the Lincoln Tunnel... His stock
expression, 'That's a joke, son,' was for many years one of the
nation's pet phrases, mimicked by children and businessmen alike.
... The windbag character, he said, was inspired by a Texas cattle
rancher who had picked him up while he was hitchhiking and barely
stopped talking." Delmar was also a well-utilized cartoon
voice talent whose voice was familiar to baby-boomers on the
Underdog TV series as Commander McBragg, Major Minor on "Klondike
Kat", and other Saturday morning cartoon icons. Delmar was
later heard by a later generation of television watchers via the
animated character called The Hunter, an ancillary segment of the
cartoon series King Leonardo and his Short Subjects ( 1960-1963)
produced by Total Television Productions, which Delmar himself
also voiced using his Senator Claghorn inflections, including,
"That's a joke, son." "The Hunter" was a dog
detective whose nemesis was The Fox, a criminal fox who attempted
bizarre capers, usually huge in scope (such as attempting to steal
the Brooklyn Bridge, the Statue Of Liberty or, in one episode, the
State of Florida). At the height of his and his character Senator
Claghorn's popularity, Delmar starred as Claghorn in the
theatrical feature film It's a Joke, Son! in 1947. Delmar was also
announcer and voice performer on The Alan Young Show in 1944. One
of the characters that he played was Counselor Cartonbranch who is
obviously similar in mannerisms and voice to Senator Claghorn. In
1953 he returned to radio replacing Hans Conried's character on My
Friend Irma, as the Professor's cousin, Maestro Wanderkin and as
Conried's Schultz on Life with Luigi.
https://store.earthstation1.com/it39s-a-joke-son-dvd-1947-kenny-delmar-as-senator-cl391948.html